Installing MacPPP-- TCP/IP Access Over Serial Lines 

 Table of Contents
 
     1. About MacPPP 
     2. Getting Started 
        2.1 Copying MacPPP to Your Macintosh 
        2.2 Documentation 
        2.3 Installation and Configuration Overview 
     3. Installing and Configuring MacTCP 
     4. Tips for Using MacPPP 
     5. Installing and Configuring MacPPP 
        5.1 Config PPP Control Panel 
            PPP Up/Down 
            Open/Soft Close/Hard Close  
            Statistics  
            Port Name  
            Idle Timeout  
            Echo Interval  
            Terminal Window  
            Hangup on Close  
            Quiet Mode  
            PPP Server  
        5.2 Configure Server Dialog Box 
            PPP Server Name 
            Port Speed 
            Flow Control 
            Tone/Pulse Dial 
            Phone number 
            Modem Init 
            Modem connect timeout 
        5.3 Connect Script Dialog Box 
            Wait timeout 
        5.4 Authentication Dialog Box 
            Authenticating UserID and Password 
            Retries 
            Timeout 
        5.5 LCP and IPCP Options Dialog Boxes 
     6. Hanging Up Your Modem 
     Acknowledgements 
 
 1. About MacPPP
 
 MacPPP is a Macintosh implementation of PPP, the Point-to-Point
 Protocol, which allows you to use TCP/IP (Transmission Control
 Protocol/Internet Protocol) applications over asynchronous
 serial lines. This means that you can use telnet, FTP, Gopher
 and WAIS clients, and other services directly from your
 Macintosh.
 
 To use PPP on a Macintosh, you need three packages: MacTCP,
 which is Apple's control panel device that provides a standard
 network interface for TCP/IP applications; MacPPP; and software
 that supports MacTCP, such as NCSA Telnet or VersaTerm version
 4.5.3 (and later versions). You must also be dialing into a
 terminal server that is capable of supporting PPP, such as a
 Merit/MichNet Secondary Communications Processor (SCP) or
 Network Access Server (NAS).
 
 For more information about NAS access with MacPPP, see Dialing
 In to the Network Access Server (NAS), Reference R1130. See
 Section 2.2 below, "Documentation," for information about
 obtaining a copy from ITD.
 
 MacPPP 2.0.1 is a Line Access Protocol (LAP mdev) driver for
 MacTCP. This version does not support AppleTalk over PPP.
 
 MacPPP requires MacTCP 1.1 or higher, Macintosh System 6.0.5 or
 higher, and a Hayes-compatible modem for dial-in connections.
 You can also use MacPPP over hardwired, asynchronous
 connections, but the University of Michigan discourages the use
 of these connections in favor of connections to Ethernet local
 area networks.
 
 Note that using the TCP/IP protocols adds a certain amount of
 overhead to your communications sessions. The additional
 overhead isn't a problem when you are working at higher
 communications speeds, but may slow down communications
 considerably with slower modems, or when you are using certain
 software applications.
 
 2. Getting Started
 
 Once you have finished installing and configuring MacTCP and
 MacPPP, as described below, your dial-in TCP/IP sessions will be
 handled automatically. You'll simply click the Open button on
 MacPPP's Config PPP Control Panel (the recommended method for
 starting a dial-in session) or start up a software application
 that uses MacTCP. Your modem will dial automatically. You can
 then enter your password and proceed with your dial-in session.
 
 2.1 Copying MacPPP to Your Macintosh
 
 MacPPP is available for anonymous FTP in the file
 /internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp2.0.1.hqx on the nic.merit.edu
 host. This file is stored in an archived and compressed format,
 and must be decompressed after you copy it to your Macintosh.
 The file /mac/00introduction on the host mac.archive.umich.edu
 explains how to decompress the file.
 
 2.2 Documentation
 
 There are four MacPPP documentation files. Two files are
 included when you download
 /internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp2.0.1.hqx from nic.merit.edu and
 decompress the file: Release Notes, which contains information
 on changes included in the latest version of MacPPP, and
 /internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp.txt, which contains an ASCII
 (plain text) version of the document you're reading now. Two
 PostScript versions of the document you're reading now are also
 available on nic.merit.edu. The file
 /internet.tools/ppp/mac/macppp.ps.hqx is stored in an archived
 and compressed format, and must be decompressed after you copy
 it to your Macintosh. The file /mac/00introduction on the host
 mac.archive.umich.edu explains how to decompress the file. The
 file macppp.ps.Z on nic.merit.edu contains a PostScript version
 of the documentation in a compressed Unix format.
 
 Additional copies of this documentation, Installing MacPPP,
 Step-by-Step S4122, are available at the larger Campus Computing
 Sites or from the ITD Documentation Support Staff. To request
 that a copy be sent to you through campus mail, send electronic
 mail to itd.doc@umich.edu or call 763-8961.
 
 2.3 Installation and Configuration Overview
 
 To get MacPPP running on your Macintosh, follow the steps below
 to install and configure MacTCP and MacPPP. All you need to do
 to configure MacPPP is change several settings on the Config PPP
 control panel (see section 5.1) and the Configure Server dialog
 box (section 5.2.). All the other settings are optional.

 
 3. Installing and Configuring MacTCP
 
 Follow these steps to install and configure MacTCP for use with
 MacPPP.
 
 1. To install MacTCP, select the MacTCP icon and drag it onto
 the System Folder on your hard disk. On System 7.x machines, a
 dialog box will ask if you want to put it in the Control Panels
 Folder. Click OK.
 
 2. On System 7.x machines, select the MacTCP control panel icon.
 On System 6.x machines, under the Apple Menu, choose "Control
 Panel." Then choose MacTCP from the control panel window.
 
 3. Select the PPP icon in the MacTCP control panel and then
 click "More ..." to bring up the MacTCP Configuration
 Information Box.
 
 4. Choose "server" under "Obtain Address." You do not need to
 enter a gateway or IP address.
 
 Do not select dynamic or manual (static) addressing. In general, it is
 preferable to let the terminal server provide the IP address by
 leaving the address at the default setting, 0.0.0.0, in the IPCP
 dialog box.
 
 4. In the Domain Name Server Information part of the MacTCP
 Configuration Information Box, on the first line, enter
 coconet.com for the domain and 204.176.96.20 for the IP address. Click
 the button in the Default column. On the second line, enter '.'
 (a period) for the domain and 204.176.96.50 for the IP address.
 
 4. Tips for Using MacPPP
 
 Here are several tips that may be helpful when installing and
 using MacPPP:
 
  You must disable XON/XOFF flow control on your modem in order
  to use MacPPP, as explained below in section 5.2.
 
  If you have problems using a particular application along with
  MacPPP, try launching MacPPP with the Open button on MacPPP's
  Config PPP control panel, rather than from inside the
  application.
 
  If you enable CTS/RTS flow control in MacPPP, you must also
 enable CTS/RTS flow control in your modem, and you must be using
 a modem cable that supports "hardware handshaking." For more
 information, see section 5.2.
 
 5. Installing and Configuring MacPPP
 
 Once decompressed, MacPPP consists of two programs: a System
 Extension called PPP and a control panel called Config PPP. To
 install MacPPP, you have to install both programs. Follow these
 steps:
 
 1. Select the PPP icon and drag it onto the System Folder on
 your hard disk. Also, select the Config PPP icon and drag it
 onto the System Folder on your hard disk. On System 7.x
 machines, if the System Folder is closed when you selected the
 PPP and Config PPP icons, a dialog box will ask if you want to
 put these files into their special places in the system. Click
 OK. The files should go in the Extensions and Control Panels
 folders, respectively.
 
 On System 6.x machines, the 'PPP' and 'Config PPP' files should
 go in the System folder.
 
 2. After you have installed PPP and Config PPP, reboot your
 machine.
 
 3. Next, on System 7.x machines, select the Config PPP control
 panel icon. On System 6.x machines, under the Apple Menu, choose
 Control Panel. Then choose Config PPP from the control panel
 window to bring up the Config PPP control panel.
 
 Once you have opened the Config PPP control panel, MacPPP will
 create a file called 'PPP Preferences' in the System folder
 (System 7.x) or the Preferences folder (System 6.x). The PPP
 Preferences file is required for the PPP LAP driver.
 
 5.1 Config PPP Control Panel
 
 The Config PPP control panel leads to several dialog boxes and
 windows that you'll use to configure MacPPP. You can use the
 Config PPP control panel to begin and end your PPP sessions. The
 only parameter you need to set is the Port Name, as explained
 below. To enter the phone number you want to dial, click
 "Config..." to go to the Configure Server dialog box, described
 in section 5.2.
 
 Other parameters can also be used to customize MacPPP. These
 optional settings are described below.
 
 PPP Up/Down
 
 This icon indicates the current state of the PPP driver-more
 specifically, the PPP IP Control Protocol. 'Open' indicates that
 PPP is ready for IP traffic. 'Down' indicates that it is not yet
 ready for TCP/IP traffic.
 
 Open/Soft Close/Hard Close
 
 Click these buttons to open and close your PPP session, once
 you've configured MacPPP. If you have problems using a
 particular application along with MacPPP, try opening MacPPP
 this way, rather than from inside the application.
 
 Click Hard Close to prevent MacTCP from reopening your
 connection after you've ended your PPP session, or to end your
 PPP session if you want to use your serial port to run a
 traditional asynchronous program, such as a terminal emulator.
 Click 'Open' to manually re-open your PPP session after you end
 it with Hard Close.
 
 Statistics
 
 When you click this button, a dialog box with a set of counters
 appears. Click the Update button on the Statistics dialog box to
 show the current value of the counters and the current state of
 all supported PPP options. These options are documented in the
 PPP RFCs (e.g., RFC 1331). The RFC (Request for Comment) series
 is available for anonymous FTP on the host nic.merit.edu in the
 /documents/rfc directory.
 
 Most users will not need to use the Statistics dialog box.
 
 Port Name
 
 The Port Name pop-up menu allows you to select the Modem Port,
 Printer Port, or any other serial ports registered with the
 Communications Toolbox. (The Communications Toolbox is included
 with System 7.0, and optional on System 6.x machines.)
 
 The default is the modem port. If you have registered other
 ports, MacPPP will use the Communications Toolbox to
 automatically obtain their names and the names of associated
 drivers.
 
 PowerBook 100 users should select Internal Modem or External
 Modem on the PowerBook control panel. External modem users
 should select the Printer/Modem Port option from MacPPP's Port
 Name menu, and internal modem users should select Modem Port.
 
 PowerBook 145, 160, and 180 users should select Internal Modem
 or External Modem on the PowerBook control panel, and select
 Modem Port from MacPPP's Port Name menu.
 
 PowerBook Duo users with an Apple Express internal modem or a
 standard Apple internal modem should select the Modem Port
 option on MacPPP's Port Name menu. PowerBook Duo users with a
 non-Apple internal modem should select Internal Modem or
 External Modem on the PowerBook control panel, and select the
 Internal Modem option on MacPPP's Port Name menu.
 
 Users with a PowerBook Duo that is not docked should select the
 Printer/Modem Port option from MacPPP's Port Name menu. Users
 with a PowerBook Duo that is docked should select the Modem Port
 option from MacPPP's Port Name menu.
 
 AppleTalk users should be sure to quit AppleTalk before using
 the Duo's serial port for MacPPP.
 
 Idle Timeout (minutes)
 
 You can use the Idle Timeout pop-up menu to configure MacPPP so
 that if your PPP session remains idle for a specified amount of
 time, MacPPP will bring up an alert box asking you if you want
 to close the session. You can either close the session or ignore
 the message.
 
 Leave the setting at None, the default, if you don't want to set
 a timeout interval. If you want to set a timeout interval, click
 the pop-up menu and select a timeout interval from 5 to 120
 minutes.
 
 Echo Interval (seconds)
 
 MacPPP uses a PPP packet called the "LCP (Line Control Protocol)
 echo request" to determine if your connection has been dropped.
 MacPPP sends the requests at the interval you specify; if the
 terminal server does not respond after 3 successive requests,
 MacPPP assumes that the link is down.
 
 If you leave the Echo Interval pop-up menu set off-the
 default-MacPPP will not send out any echo requests. If you want
 MacPPP to send out echo requests, click the pop-up menu to
 specify the interval at which MacPPP should send them out-from 2
 to 20 seconds.
 
 Terminal Window
 
 Click this box to bring up a basic terminal emulator, which will
 appear when MacPPP is connecting with the local terminal server.
 You can then use the terminal emulator to manually type any
 commands needed to put the terminal server into PPP mode. Once
 you have entered these commands, click the 'OK' button to start
 your PPP session.
 
 If you click the Terminal Window box, MacPPP will ignore the
 Phone number and Modem init fields in the Configure Server and
 Connect Script dialog boxes.
 
 Currently, the terminal emulator offers only basic features, and
 does not provide a cursor or scroll bar. Most users will not
 need to use the MacPPP terminal emulator.
 
 Hangup on Close
 
 Click this box if you want MacPPP to send the modem a hangup
 string (+++ ATH) when you close your PPP session.
 
 Quiet Mode
 
 Click this box to disable notification of Password
 Authentication Protocol (PAP) messages and idle timeout
 conditions.
 
 PPP Server
 
 See the next section for information on this feature.
 
 5.2 Configure Server Dialog Box
 
 Click 'Config ...' in the Config PPP control panel to display
 the Configure Server dialog box, which you'll use to set the
 port speed, phone type (tone dial or pulse dial), and phone
 number. If your modem defaults are set up correctly, you can
 ignore the 'Modem Init' field. If the defaults are not set up
 correctly, you'll need to enter a modem initialization string,
 as described below. To enter the information needed to identify
 you to the terminal server, go to the Authentication dialog box,
 described in section 5.4.
 
 Several optional parameters can also be set on the Configure
 Server dialog box, as described below. In the preceding figure,
 'Coconet' has been selected as the PPP Server Name. The port
 speed is 9600 bps, and the phone number is Coconet's Cape Coral 
 28,800 bps dial-in number.
 
 PPP Server Name
 
 This handy feature allows you to set up a separate configuration
 for each host you access with MacPPP, assign a name to that
 host, and connect to it by selecting its name on a pop-up menu.
 If you will only be accessing one host, highlight 'Untitled' and
 replace it with a server name-CocoNet in the figure above-and
 configure any desired options. Click "Done." The host's name
 will then appear on the PPP Server pop-up menu on the Config PPP
 control panel. Now you can simply click the name each time you
 want to access that server. MacPPP will automatically establish
 a connection using the configuration you specified.
 
 If you want to add other servers, click 'New' in the Config PPP
 control panel. MacPPP will prompt you for each name, and you can
 then configure any desired options.
 
 Click the 'Delete Server' option button to delete server
 entries.
 
  Port Speed
 
 Enter the speed in bits per second for the port being used for
 your PPP session. For NAS users, this should be at least as fast
 as your modem speed. See the NAS documentation for more
 information.
 
 Flow Control
 
 The Flow Control pop-up menu allows you to select among several
 hardware flow control options. Select CTS & RTS (Clear to
 Send/Ready to Send), if this option is supported by your modem.
 CTS flow control allows the modem to run at the higher speeds
 provided by data compression. If you select CTS & RTS, you must
 also enable CTS/RTS flow control in your modem, and configure
 the modem to ignore DTR (the Data Terminal Ready signal). In
 many modems, the command to ignore DTR is 'at &d0'.
 
 If you enable CTS/RTS flow control, you must be using a modem
 cable that supports "hardware handshaking." So that MacPPP can
 detect whether your cable supports hardware handshaking,
 configure your modem's DCD (Data Carrier Detect) signal so that
 it is only present when you are connected to the remote host.
 This is the default for many modems. If DCD is not set this way
 by default, the correct reset command for many modems is &C1.
 
 Be sure that your modem is not using XON/XOFF flow control on
 input or output. MacPPP does not support XON/XOFF flow control.
 If XON/XOFF flow control is enabled by default, check your
 documentation and use the appropriate modem initialization
 string in the Configure Server dialog box to disable it.
 
 Tone/Pulse Dial
 
 Click the 'Tone dial' or 'Pulse dial' button to select your type
 of phone service.
 
 Phone number
 
 Click this box to enter the phone number of the host you're
 dialing. 
 
 Modem Init
 
 Click this box to enter any initialization strings required by
 your modem. The string must be a Hayes 'AT' command. If your
 modem defaults are set up correctly, you may not need to enter a
 Modem Init string in order to use PPP.
 
 The Modem Init string is typically used to:
 
  Disable XON/XOFF flow control
 
  Enable CTS/RTS flow control, if supported by your modem (see
  the section titled "Flow Control" above.)
 
 MacPPP does not support XON/XOFF flow control. Be sure that your
 modem is not using XON/XOFF flow control on input or output. If
 XON/XOFF flow control is enabled by default, check your
 documentation and enter the appropriate modem initialization
 command in the Configure Server dialog box to disable it.
 
 If you enter a Modem Init string but the phone number field is
 not set (either because you are not using a modem or prefer to
 issue the dial command yourself), MacPPP will not send the Modem
 Init command.
 
 If the phone number field is set, MacPPP will automatically send
 the initialization command 'AT E0V1' to the modem. This will
 disable echoing and put the modem in verbose response mode. An
 'OK' response is expected from the modem. If you have not
 entered an additional modem initialization command in the Modem
 Init box, the phone number will then be dialed.
 
 If you have entered a modem initialization command in the Modem
 Init box, the command will be sent to the modem after the 'AT
 E0V1' command. MacPPP will again expect an 'OK' response from
 the modem. After MacPPP receives an 'OK' response, the phone
 number will be dialed. You may include any characters in the
 phone number that your modem will accept, e.g., a comma (,) for
 a pause between numbers.
 
 Modem connect timeout
 
 By default, MacPPP will wait up to 90 seconds for a response
 from the modem before timing out. If it receives a CONNECT
 response, MacPPP will proceed to the next phase. If a BUSY
 response is received, MacPPP will attempt to redial. Click the
 Modem connect timeout box to change the timeout interval; you
 can select any number of seconds.
 
 Click the option buttons on the bottom of the 'Configure server'
 dialog box to bring up the Connect Script, Authentication, and
 LCP/IPCP dialog boxes.
 
 5.3 Connect Script Dialog Box
 
 If you are accessing a the Coconet Terminal Server you     
 will want to use the Connect Script dialog box to initiate
 your PPP session, you can enter up to eight dialog strings to
 establish the connection.

The Connect Script required for CocoNet is as follows:

First line - click Wait, and enter ogin: in the text area

Second line - click Out and add your user login name and click under the "CR" button,

Third line - click Wait and enter ssword:

Fourth line - click Out and add your password and click under "CR" and then close the dialog box by clicking OK.

 Once you've established a connection, your modem and the terminal
 server will exchange information contained in the dialog strings
 to initiate your PPP session.
 
 Select the Out button in front of the seven dialog strings to
 indicate that your modem should send out the string. Select the
 Wait button to indicate that the string is expected to be
 received from the terminal server. Control characters can be
 entered using the ^ (caret) convention, e.g., '^m' for a
 carriage return. The  check boxes indicate that a carriage
 return should be appended to the end of the dialog string.
 Placing a '^m' at the end of the string also appends a carriage
 return to the end of the dialog string.
 
 The backslash (\) is a reserved character in the Connect Script
 dialog box. It can be used as follows for both Out and Wait
 strings:
 
       \r carriage return
       \^ literal '^'
       \\ literal '\'
       \nnn 8-bit octal value
       
     The following can be used only in Out strings:
       
       \b send a break (100  milliseconds)
       \d delay for one second
       \t invoke the MacPPP  terminal emulator
 
 Wait timeout (seconds)
 
 Click this box to enter the number of seconds MacPPP will wait
 for each Wait string to be received from the local terminal
 server. The default is 40 seconds. By default, if more than 40
 seconds elapse, MacPPP will abort the attempt to establish a
 connection. An alert box will appear, asking if you want to quit
 MacPPP or retry the connect script from the beginning.
 
 5.4 Authentication Dialog Box
 
 The only information you need to enter in the Authentictaion
 Dialog Box is your authenticating userID.
 
 Authenticating UserID and Password
 
 Use the Authentication dialog box to enter the authenticating
 userID needed to identify you to the terminal server. MacPPP
 uses this information to authenticate with PPP's Password
 Authentication Protocol (PAP), which is supported by the
 University of Michigan's SCPs and NASs. If you are accessing
 other servers, which may use text-based authentication
 mechanisms, you should authenticate by using the Connect Script
 dialog box or the terminal window available on the Config PPP
 control panel, rather than the Authentication dialog box.
 
 
 Retries
 
 Click this box to specify how many times MacPPP should attempt
 to resend your ID and/or password, if it is unable to establish
 a connection with the local terminal server. The default is 10
 retries. By default, MacPPP will abort the attempt to establish
 a connection after 10 retries.
 
 Timeout (seconds)
 
 Click this box to enter the number of seconds MacPPP should wait
 for the terminal server to respond to your ID and/or password
 authentication request. You can enter any number of seconds; the
 default is 3 seconds.
 
 5.5 LCP and IPCP Options Dialog Boxes
 
 The LCP (Line Control Protocol) and IPCP (IP Control Protocol)
 Options dialog boxes allow you to configure the options that PPP
 negotiates with the local terminal server. In most cases, the
 defaults should work. Changing them is not recommended unless
 you are familiar with several of the documents about PPP in the
 Internet "Request for Comment" (RFC) series (RFC 1331, 1332, and
 1334). The RFCs are available for anonymous FTP on the host
 nic.merit.edu in the /documents/rfc directory.
 
 6. Hanging Up Your Modem
 
 In order to hang up your modem and end your PPP session, you
 must hang up explicitly by clicking Hard Close on the Config PPP
 control panel or by turning off your modem. Simply quitting your
 TCP/IP application, such as NCSA Telnet or VersaTerm, will not
 hang up your modem.
 
 

Acknowledgements

 University of Michigan
 Information Technology Division
 Step-by-step S4122
 November 1993
 
 Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of Michigan and
 the Merit Network, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication
 may be reproduced or reprinted without the permission of the
 Information Technology Division of the University of Michigan as
 long as the copyright and source are clearly acknowledged.
 
 MacPPP was developed at, and is copyrighted by, the Merit
 Network, Inc. and the University of Michigan. Merit and the
 University of Michigan grant an unlimited license for use and
 redistribution of the executable program provided that it is not
 sold for profit, either as is or as part of another product.
 Charges to recover the cost of duplication and distribution are
 permitted. MacPPP is offered "as is"-neither Merit nor the
 University of Michigan make any guarantees about the performance
 or reliability of the software.
 
 This documentation was prepared at the University of Michigan,
 and contains information that is specific to using MacPPP at
 U-M. Much of the information will also be of general interest to
 network users elsewhere.
 
 Acknowledgements
 
 The PPP core software engine is based on public domain code
 written by William Allen Simpson, taken from KA9Q. All
 modifications to the PPP core software engine necessary to
 develop MacPPP and bring the implementation to compliance with
 RFCs 1331, 1332, and 1334 have been performed by Merit Network,
 Inc. and the University of Michigan.
 
 In recognition of his original work, William Allen Simpson has
 been granted copyright for the PPP core software engine. The TCP
 header compression routines used in MacPPP were written by Van
 Jacobsen and are Copyright 1989 Regents of the University of
 California. These routines were heavily modified by Katie
 Stevens and William Allen Simpson.
 
 Primary development of MacPPP at Merit Network, Inc. and the
 University of Michigan was performed by Larry J. Blunk. Eric
 Schneider wrote many of the "LAP" interface routines necessary
 for a MacTCP mdev, as well as additional support code. Glenn
 McGregor provided additional code, as well as valuable input on
 the project. Many other individuals also provided input, and
 their support is appreciated.